Vocab

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Idealism - the view that all reality is, in fact, mental (p. 33, Goldin)

Solipsism - the only reality is in my mind (p. 33, Goldin)

Empiricism - relies much more heavily on sense-data as the initial "givens" of epistemology. Observation and measurement become fundamental processes of a world-as-experienced (p. 34, Goldin)

Epistemology:

Ontology:

Empiricism

ZONE OF PROXIMAL DEVELOPMENT – “The distance between the actual developmental level as determined by independent problem solving and the level of potential development as determined through problem solving under adult guidance or in collaboration with more capable peers.” (Vygotsky, 1978)

HIGHER MENTAL FUNCTIONS – “ …the organization and the means of social activity are taken over entirely by the individual and ultimately internalized, leading to the development of mediated, voluntary, historically developed mental functions that are based on stimulus-response components but cannot be reduced to them.” (Minick, 1987)

OBUCHENIE – Russian word for Teaching/Learning often just translated as instruction

INTERNALIZATION – “..occurs in the course of interaction with the more competent member of the culture.” (Tudge and Scrimsher, 2003).

SOCIAL – “…everything cultural in the broadest sense of the word. Culture is product of man’s social life and his public activity.” (Tudge and Scrimsher, 2003).

SIGNS – “…a broad category of meditational means used to organize one’s own or other’s actions…” (Wertsch & Toma, 1995).